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Embassy of India
Asmara
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India-Eritrea – Bilateral Relations
Indian traders were familiar with the Eritrean port of Massawa since the 17th century. During World War II, Indian soldiers played a crucial role in the battles of Keren and Asmara. There were many casualties among Indian soldiers at the battle of Keren and Asmara. The Keren Cremation Memorial commemorates 285 Indian soldiers whose remains were cremated in accordance with their faith. The Keren War Cemetery commemorates 73 Indian soldiers buried there and the Asmara War Cemetery commemorates 16 Indian soldiers.
2. India formally recognized Eritrea soon after its de jure independence on 24 May 1993 from Ethiopia. Over the years, India has provided capacity building assistance in several fields to Eritrea including legislative drafting, technical scholarships (agriculture, education, health, handicrafts, etc.) and food aid. In July 2009, Indian Government extended a Line of Credit of US$ 20 million (US$ 10 million each for education and agricultural projects) to Eritrea.
3. An MoU for Cooperation between Government of Eritrea and The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) was signed on 3 October 1995.
4. An MoU on starting Foreign Office Consultations (FOC) between India and Eritrea was signed in April 2018 in New Delhi. Subsequently, the first session of FOC was held in Asmara on 29 October 2018 at the level of Joint Secretary (WANA) and Director General, Asia-Pacific Department in the Eritrean Foreign Ministry. The 2nd session of the FOC was held on 15 May 2024 in Delhi and the Eritrean side was led by Mr. Ibrahim Osman Mahmud, Director General (Desks) and the Indian side was led by Dr. M. Suresh Kumar, JS (WANA). The third round of FOC was held on 5 December 2025 in Asmara. The Indian side was led by Dr M. Suresh Kumar, Joint Secretary (WANA), Ministry of Extsernal Affairs and the Eritrean side was led by H. E. Ambassador Estifanos Habtemariam Ghereyus, Director General, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The FOC reviewed the entire spectrum of bilateral relations including political, economic, capacity building, health, education, renewable energy, culture and people-to-people ties. The two sides also exchanged views on regional issues of mutual interests. Both sides reiterated their commitment to further strengthen and deepen this partnership and agreed to continue regular exchanges in future. During the visit, Dr Suresh Kumar also called on H.E. Mr. Osman Saleh Mohammad, Minister of Foreign Affairs and H.E. Mr. Yemane Gebremeskel, Minister of Information of Eritrea.
5. Eritrea has been included in the list of countries to whom unilateral Duty-Free Tariff Preferential (DFTP) market access and e-Visa facility has been extended.
6. The Government of India opened its resident diplomatic Mission in August 2019. Prior to that, Indian interests in Eritrea were being looked after successively by High Commission of India, Nairobi and Embassy of India, Khartoum.
7. On 31 October 2019, Eritrea signed the Framework Agreement of the International Solar Alliance (FA-ISA) at its second Assembly in New Delhi. However, it is yet to ratify the FA-ISA in order to become a member country.
8. On 07 November 2019, Eritrea signed an MoU in New Delhi and became a partner country of eVidyaBharatieArogyaBharati (eVBAB) Network Project of India.
9. On 17 October, 2025, the Forestry & Wildlife Authority of Tunisia signed the Framework Agreement on the Establishment of International Big Cat Alliance. The same is awaited for ratification by them.
India in UN Peacekeeping in Eritrea
10. More than 1500 Indian troops served in the UN Mission for Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE), deployed in both countries until February 2007. Maj. Gen. Rajender Singh led the UNMEE as its Force Commander from 2004-2006. Over the life of the mission, the Indian medical battalion with UNMEE attended to some 17,000 medical cases. The Indian contingent also assisted in drilling of wells, construction of roads and dams. Most of the remaining peacekeepers were withdrawn in February 2009 and later that year the UNSC voted unanimously to end its peacekeeping Mission to Ethiopia and Eritrea.
Bilateral Exchanges
11. In January 1995, former Chief Justice of India, Justice P N Bhagwati participated in a Workshop on legislative drafting in Eritrea. In December 2000, an MoU on Cooperation on Agricultural Research and Education was signed by Eritrean Minister of Agriculture H.E. Mr. Arefaine Berhe and Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research and Education. Minister of Transport and Communications of Eritrea visited India in the year 2000. Mr. Berhe visited India again in June 2001. Minister of Transport and Communications of Eritrea visited India in August, 2001. Minister of Education, H.E. Mr. Osman Saleh Mohammed and Minister of Agriculture, H.E. Mr. Arefaine Berhe visited India in June 2006. An MoU on Cooperation in Agriculture was signed during the visit. In September 2006, Hon’ble Raksha Mantri met Minister of Health of Eritrea H.E. Mr. Saleh Maky on the sidelines of the 61st Session of the UNGA in New York. In April 2007, Minister for Agriculture, H.E. Mr. Arefaine Berhe visited India as the Special Envoy of his Government. He visited India again in September 2008. The then Hon’ble MOS(EA) H.E. Smt. Preneet Kaur met Foreign Minister of Eritrea H.E. Mr. Osman Saleh Mohammed in Nairobi on the margins of South-South Cooperation meeting in December 2009.
12. Foreign Minister, H.E. Mr. Osman Saleh visited India in February 2011 for the India-LDC Ministerial Conference. He again visited India in June 2011 and met with the then Hon’ble MOS(EA) H.E. Smt. Preneet Kaur. The then Hon’ble MOS(EA) Gen. (Retd.) V.K. Singh visited Eritrea in September 2015 and handed over an invitation from the Prime Minister to the President of Eritrea H.E. Mr. Isaias Afwerki to attend the 3rd India Africa Forum Summit (IAFS). Foreign Minister H.E. Mr. Osman Saleh led the Eritrean delegation for the 3rd IAFS held from 26-29 October 2015. A delegation led by the Eritrean Finance Minister participated in the annual African Development Bank Board meeting held in Ahmedabad in May, 2017.
13. A 5-Member delegation led by Prof. Randeep Guleria, Director, AIIMS visited Eritrea from 26-29 January 2020.
14. A senior Eritrean delegation comprising of H.E. Mr. Osman Saleh, FM and Mr. Yemane Ghebreab, Presidential Adviser (currently the Minister of Information) visited India from 7-12 April 2021. The delegation met Hon’ble EAM Dr. S. Jaishankar and NSA Shri Ajit Doval. The delegation visited AIIMS and IARI and also met with Indian business leaders under the auspices of FICCI. Discussions centred on investment opportunities for Indian companies in Eritrea with particular focus on energy, water resources, agriculture and manufacturing. The delegation also met pharma companies (Pharmexcil) and deliberated on pharma cooperation between India and Eritrea. The Eritrean delegation toured the power generation plant and training centre of NTPC, Dadri.
15. Eritrea participated in the Finance Minister’s Session of the Voice of the Global South Summit in January 2023, the Environment Ministers’ Session of the 2nd Voice of Global South Summit in November 2023, and the Environment Ministers’ Session of the 3rd Voice of Global South Summit in August 2024.
16. INS Trikand was on Operational Turnaround (OTR) visit to Massawa Port on 25-27 September 2021.
17. The 1st Training Squadron comprising of Indian Naval Ships Tir, Sujata and ICGS Sarathi made a port call at Massawa Port of Eritrea on 23-25 April 2022. It interacted with Eritrean naval counterparts and imparted on-board training to Eritrean naval personnel.
18. Shri V. Muraleedharan, the then MOS (EA) visited Asmara on 14-15 September 2022 on a first ever full-fledged bilateral visit from India to Eritrea. He called on Eritrean President H.E. Mr. Isaias Afwerki and the Foreign Minister, H.E. Mr. Osman Saleh and explored strengthening of cooperation in the areas of energy, health, education, capacity building and agriculture. MOS (EA) visited Asmara War Cemetery and paid homage to the Indian soldiers who laid their lives during World War II in Asmara. MOS (EA) also met members of the Indian community in Eritrea.
19. Foreign Minister of Eritrea H.E. Mr. Osman Saleh Mohammed (FME) called on EAM on 1 June 2025 during his visit to India for medical treatment. FME condemned the Pahalgam terror attack. He also brought up the issue of strained relations with Ethiopia, saying that it must respect the sovereignty of Eritrea. He made specific requests for establishing a tertiary high speciality hospital in Eritrea and establishment of a diplomatic training academy for training the Eritrean diplomats. EAM emphasised deepening of bilateral cooperation especially in health, education, capacity building and trade and investment. He responded positively to FME’s requests. On setting up a hospital, he advised FME to explore the possibility of partnership with one of private hospitals in India, assuring that GoI will facilitate the same. On training of diplomats, EAM expressed happiness over the recent training of ten Eritrean diplomats under the '1st Special Course for Diplomats from North & East African Countries. EAM stressed upon the need to increase Ministerial level engagements.
20. A 13 member delegation from Eritrea, led by Special Advisor to Minister of Agriculture, visited India to participate in the World Food India, 2025, organised by Ministry of Food Processing Industries in New Delhi on 25-28 September, 2025.
21. A 3 member delegation from Artemis Hospital led by Shri Manoj Kumar, the head of its 'International Business Development - International Marketing' visited Eritrea on 27-28 October, 2025. They had meetings with the officials in the Ministry of Health and also visited a few hospitals in Eritrea to explore the possibility of visits of specialists from India to treat patients in Eritrea. Signing of an MoU in this regard is being discussed by the two sides.
Cooperation in Capacity Building
22. India has offered capacity building assistance in several fields to Eritrea including in agriculture, health and education, handicrafts, etc. At the request of the Eritrean Government, India provided a legal expert under the ITEC Programme to Eritrea for two years.
23. In 2003, India donated 50 metric tonnes of wheat to Eritrea. Earlier, India had provided 150 metric tonnes of wheat and 20 metric tonnes of sugar to Eritrea as relief assistance. In November 2020, India donated food aid of 50 MT to Eritrea consisting of 30 MT of white wheat flour, 10 MT of rice and 10 MT of sugar.
24. Government of India’s Pan-African e-network project for Eritrea was inaugurated in August 2010. Two screenings of special lectures under the Pan African E-Network project were done at the Orotta National Referral Hospital in Asmara in May and July 2012.
25. An Eritrean delegation visited several Indian educational institutes in 2010 including Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, Delhi University (DU) and Hamdard University. An agreement was concluded for cooperation with IGNOU. Three doctors from Eritrea visited India for mid-career specialised training courses at Apollo Hospital in New Delhi from 21 August to 20 September 2017.
26. The trade figure for the last 5 years are as follows:
Year |
Export from India to Eritrea in US $ mn |
Import from Eritrea to India US $ mn |
Total |
Growth |
2020-21 |
9.46 |
0 |
9.46 |
59.84% |
2021-22 |
17.42 |
0 |
17.42 |
84.18% |
2022-23 |
17.95 |
0 |
17.95 |
3.05% |
2023-24 |
10.05 |
0 |
10.05 |
-44% |
2024-25 |
19.00 |
0 |
19.00 |
88.99% |
27. Eritrea is a low income country with a close and strictly regulated trade structure. Most of its imports are conducted through Red Sea Trading Corporation, a public entity having intermediaries in the middle-east. Therefore, most of the exports from India to Eritrea via third countries do not get reflected in the above trade figures. Major items of exports from India to Eritrea are cane and beet sugar, sugar confectioneries, pharmaceuticals, rubber, rice and fabric yarn. Though Eritrea has good reserves of potash, copper and other minerals, it has not showed much interest in collaboration with foreign companies. The Mission has repeatedly taken up with the Eritrean authorities to facilitate registration of Indian companies, without much avail.
Cultural and other activities
28. The first ICCR sponsored Rajasthani Folk Dance troupe visited Asmara on 12-13 December 2018 and gave cultural performances in Asmara.
29. Cultural troupes from Eritrea visited India to participate in the 36th and 38th editions of the Surajkund International Crafts Mela held in 2023 and 2025 respectively.
30. The Indian community in Eritrea, numbering less than 200, comprises mostly of school teachers, college professors/lecturers and skilled/semi-skilled workers. The role of Indian teachers and professors in the education system of Eritrea is deeply appreciated. Most Indians live and work in and around Asmara, Keren, Adi Keyh.
31. India enjoys a favourable image and goodwill among the Eritrean people. India is a popular destination for Eritrean nationals for availing of medical treatment. Bollywood movies and actors, particularly from the decades of 70s to 90s are immensely popular in Eritrea. The movie 'Mother India' enjoys the status of a cult classic. It is not rare to come across Eritreans having a fairly good knowledge of Hindi picked up from Indian movies.
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16 December, 2025
